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Release time£º[2006-5-28]
Readed[9318]Times |
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Hematite
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| Formula: |
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| System: |
Trigonal |
Colour: |
Steel-grey to black in ... |
| Lustre: |
Sub-Metallic,Dull,Earthy |
Hardness: |
5 - 6 |
| Name: |
From the Greek, haimatites, "bloodlike'" in allusion to vivid red color of the powder. |
| Hematite is rather variable in its appearence - it can be in reddish brown, ocherous, masses, dark silvery-grey scaled masses, silvery-grey crystals, and dark-grey masses, to name a few. What they all have in common is a rust-red streak. | |
| Classification of Hematite |
| IMA status: |
Approved |
| Validity of Species: |
A valid mineral species |
| Strunz ID: |
4/C.04-20
4 : Oxides & Hydroxides
C : Oxides with metal : oxygen = 2:3 (M2O3 and related compounds)
04 : Hematite group |
| Dana ID: |
4.3.1.2 |
| Hey's CIM Ref.: |
7.20.4 |
| mindat.org URL: |
http://www.mindat.org/min-1856.html
Please feel free to link to this page. |
| Occurrences of Hematite |
| Geological Setting: |
Large ore bodies of hematite are usually of sedimentary origin; also found in high-grade ore bodies in metamorphic rocks due to contact metasomatism, and occasionally as a sublimate on igneous extrusive rocks ("lavas") as a result ov volcanic activity. It is also found coloring soils red all over the planet... |
| Industrial Uses: |
A major ore of iron. |
| Physical Properties of Hematite |
| Lustre: |
Sub-Metallic,Dull,Earthy |
| Diapheny: |
Translucent on thin edges,Opaque |
| Colour: |
Steel-grey to black in crystals and massively crystalline ores, dull to bright "rust-red" in in earthy, compact, fine-grained material. |
| Streak: |
Reddish brown ("rust-red") |
| Hardness (Mohs') |
5 - 6 |
| Hardness Data: |
Measured |
| Tenacity: |
Brittle |
| Fracture: |
Irregular/Uneven |
| Density (measured): |
5.26 g/cm3
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| Density (calculated): |
5.27 g/cm3
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| Crystallography of Hematite |
| Crystal System: |
Trigonal |
| Cell Parameters: |
a = 5.036, c = 13.749
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| Ratio: |
a:c = 1 : 2.73 |
| Z: |
6 |
| Morphology: |
Crystals generally thick to thin tabular {0001}, rarely prismatic [0001] or scalenohedral; also rarely rhombohedral {10-11}, producing pseudo-cubic crystals. Often found in sub-parallel growths on {0001} or as rosettes ("iron crosses.") Sometimes in micaceous to platy masses. May be compact columnar or fibrous masses, sometimes radiating, or in reniform masses with a smooth fracture ("kidney ore"), and botryoidal and stalactic. Frequently in earth masses, also granular, friable to compact, concretionary and oolitic. |
| Twinning: |
Penetration twins on {0001}, or with {10-10} as a composition plane. |
| X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data for Hematite |
| X-Ray Data: |
3.68(30)
2.70(100)
2.52(70)
2.21(20)
1.84(40)
1.69(50)
1.49(30)
1.45(30) |
| Relationship of Hematite to other Species |
| Associates: |
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| Related Minerals (Strunz Grouping): |
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| Related Minerals (Hey's Index Grouping): |
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| Related Minerals (Dana Grouping): |
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| Chemical Properties of Hematite |
| Formula: |
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| Elements: |
Fe, O |
| Common Impurities: |
Ti,Al,Mn,H2O |
| Other Names for Hematite |
| Synonyms: |
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| Varieties: |
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| Other Information |
| Health Warning: |
There is no specific data on health dangers or toxicity for this mineral, however you should always treat mineral samples as potentially toxic/dangerous and use sensible precautions when handling them. |
| References for Hematite |
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American Mineralogist (1966): 51: 123-129.
Mao, H.K., D. Virgo, & P.M. Bell (1977), High-pressure 57Fe Mössbauer data on the phase and magnetic transitions of magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4), magnetite (Fe3O4), and hematite (Fe2O3). Carnegie Instsitution of Washington Year Book: 76: 522-525.
Gaines, Richard V., H. Catherine, W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, Abraham Rosenzweig (1997), Dana's New Mineralogy : The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana: 217.
Andrault, D., & Bolfan-Casanova, N. (2001), High-pressure phase transformation in the MgFe2O4 and Fe2O3-MgSiO3 systems: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 28: 211-217.
Rozenberg, G.Kh., L.S. Dubrovinsky, M.P. Pasternak, O. Naaman, T. LeBihan, & R. Ahuja (2002), High-pressure structural studies of hematite (Fe2O3): Physical Review B: 65: 064112.
Shim, S-H., & T.S. Duffy (2002), Raman spectroscopy of Fe2O3 to 62GPa: American Mineralogist: 87: 318-326.
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| Internet Links for Hematite |
| Search Engines: |
Look for Hematite on Google
Look for Hematite images on Google |
| External Links: |
Look for Hematite on Webmineral
Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
Hematite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF) |
| Mineral Dealers: |
Buy minerals from MinVision - online minerals from top dealers.
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| Jobs: |
Mining & Geology Jobs | |
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=> What is Hematite???